. CURIOSIDADES DO ANTIGO EGIPTO
Trabalho realizado por: Beatriz Dias, Margarida Lopes, Carolina Ângelo
- CURIOSIDADES DO ANTIGO EGIPTO
Trabalho realizado por: Beatriz Dias, Margarida Lopes, Carolina Ângelo
Múmias
- As Múmias • “Múmia” é uma palavra árabe para “betume” – uma espécie de alcatrão. •
- A princípio, só os muito ricos podiam ser embalsamados. Mais tarde, tornou-se uma enorme indústria e até os pobres recorriam à arte. •
- O clima do Egipto é naturalmente bom para preservar um corpo. •
- O exame das múmias revelava muito acerca dos corpos quando estavam vivos. • Na Inglaterra vitoriana, as pessoas juntavam-se para ver desenfaixar uma múmia!
- • Quando o rei Luís XIV de França morreu, em 1715, o seu coração foi mumificado. Um deão de Westminster, no século XIX, tornou-se possuidor do coração embalsamado e comeu-o ao jantar.
- Como Fazer Uma Múmia:
- Segundo Heródoto (este visitou o Egito em 455 d.C.) • O corpo era deitado numa mesa com barras de madeira. • Retirava-se o cérebro. • Enchia-se o crânio vazio com um preparado de natrão e argamassa. • Cortava-se a parte da frente .“Retiravam todo o conteúdo do estômago, que depois limpavam, lavando-o com vinho de palma. Depois disso, enchiam o buraco com mirra e outras especiarias. Coseriam a abertura. O corpo era então colocado em natrão durante 70 dias. Era lavado e ligado da cabeça aos pés com ligaduras de linho fino impregnadas de resina.” • Enchia-se o corpo com pedaços de linho, para manter a forma, e depois cosiam-no de novo. Só o coração ficava dentro do corpo. • Fazia-se uma máscara para a cabeça. • Põe-se a múmia num caixão. • Colocavam ao estômago, ao fígado, aos intestinos e aos pulmões no interior de canopos. Adicionava-se depois natrão e selavam-se os canopos. • Efetuava-se a importantíssima cerimónia de abrir a boca da múmia. • Fechava-se a tampa do caixão e colocavam-no num túmulo ou numa pirâmide selada. • Cantava-se uma canção fúnebre para o morto. • Fazia-se uma festa de funeral, com os melhores vinhos e comida, artistas e músicos.
- O Destino Da Múmia – O morto teria de passar depois por um lugar perigoso conhecido como Duat. – Os perigos eram enormes: lagos efervescentes e rios de fogo. Uma cobra que cuspia veneno era particularmente terrível. – Os monstros podiam ser vencidos com as palavras mágicas correctas, normalmente escritas em papiro e deixadas dentro ou perto do caixão (Livro dos Mortos). – Se conseguissem vencer os monstros, chegariam então aos portões de Yaru (a vida além- túmulo) e encontrariam novamente os seus amigos.
Mas primeiro tinham de passar o maior teste de todos. – O coração do morto era pesado, sendo colocado num prato da balança e no outro a Pena da Verdade, que continha todas as mentiras da sua vida passada. – Os três grandes deuses – Osíris, Anúbis e Tot – decidiam o resultado da pesagem. – Se o coração passasse o teste, então o morto poderia passar através dos portões de Yaru. Mas se falhasse, era comido por um monstro conhecido como o “Devorador”. Este era em parte crocodilo, parte hipopótamo e parte leão. – Assim que o Devorador tomasse conta do coração, estava-se perdido para sempre!
- Usos das Múmias • Como pó mágico – o rei Carlos II de Inglaterra (1630-1685) costumava recolher poeira e pó que caía das coleções de múmias e esfregava-o por toda a sua pele. Acreditava que a “antiga grandeza” das múmias passaria para ele. • Como combustível – foram tantas as múmias encontradas nos anos de 1800 que se tornaram sem valor. Algumas foram usadas como combustível para comboios a vapor quando a madeira e o carvão escasseavam, ou para alimentar os fogões de pessoas pobres. • Como ornamentos – uma caixa envidraçada com a mão ou o pé de uma múmia tornou-se um ornamento muito popular nas prateleiras vitorianas. • Na pintura – os artistas do século XVI acreditavam que adicionar múmia em pó à sua pintura evitaria que estalasse quando seca.
- Como remédio – desde o início do século XIII d.C. até ao século XVII, as múmias egípcias eram cortadas aos bocados e dadas às pessoas doentes como remédio. Foram tantas as múmias a deixar o Egito no final do século XVI o Governo egípcio teve de proibir a sua exportação. Os vendedores de múmias egípcios começaram então a fazer múmias falsas a partir de qualquer corpo que encontrassem! • Na ciência – ao testar pedaços de múmias, o cientista inglês Sir Marc Armand Ruffer descobriu que os egípcios sofriam de muitas das doenças que hoje nos afetam. • Na feitura de papel – O fabricante de papel americano Augustus Stanwood ainda importava múmias no final do século XIX para transformar as ligaduras em papel. As que estivessem manchadas não serviam para papel de escrever, mas eram boas para papel pardo, vendido aos talhantes e merceeiros como papel de embrulho. Um surto de cólera foi relacionado com as ligaduras das múmias, e o esquema foi suspenso.
Pirâmide Social Egípcia
- Vizir – segundo homem mais poderoso. Faraó – o rei, sumo-sacerdote e verificar se as coisas corriam bem no país: O faraó era considerado deus, sendo o responsável desde cobrar impostos até a organização e comando dos exércitos. Era responsável pela construção de sistemas de irrigação. O faraó era também o juiz supremo.
- Imaku (os venerados) – ou amigos Nomarchs – eram barões locais, famílias nobres aparentadas com a família do faraó. Conseguiam controlar pequenos distritos. Exerciam os melhores trabalhos: estavam diretamente encarregados da maioria dos cargos importantes , exemplo, embaixador geral, mantinham em a ordem os óleos, os perfumes e as roupas do rei. Organizam exércitos caso o Egipto fosse atacado.
- Escribas – Sacerdotes – funcionários dos templos instruídos que mantêm os registos escritos.
- Hemutiu (artesões) – trabalhadores qualificados que trabalhavam bens para as famílias mais ricas: tecelões, arquitetos, pintores, escultores, mercadores, joalheiros, embalsamadores, metalúrgicos, etc.
- Camponeses e escravos – os restantes 90%.
Os Deuses
- LENDA DOS DEUSES • Osíris era um rei espantoso, popular e amado pela sua leal esposa, Ísis. • Somente o irmão de Osíris, Set, o odiava, com ciúmes. Por isso, Set decidiu assassinar o irmão. • Assim, cortou o corpo de Osíris em 14 pedaços, para que não fosse encontrado. Espalhou-os ao longo das margens do Nilo e deixou que os crocodilos acabassem o trabalho. • No entanto, Ísis viajou até encontrar as partes do corpo do seu marido e juntou-as cuidadosamente. Depois enrolou o corpo de Osíris em ligaduras de linho para o manter unido. Lenda da primeira múmia do Egito. • Ísis chamou então o deus Anúbis para devolver a vida a Osíris. Este não podia regressar à terra como homem; em vez disso, foi para o outro mundo como “deus dos mortos”. • Anúbis tornou-se o deus que preserva o corpo na outra vida, e Ísis a deusa que protege os mortos. • Hórus, o filho de Osíris e Ísis, travou uma dura batalha com Set, que conseguiu arrancar o olho de Hórus. No final, Hórus vence, e Set é condenado a passar o resto dos tempos no submundo dos mortos maldosos. • Hórus tornou-se o protetor dos vivos... Enquanto o olho que lhe fora arrancado se tornou uma forma de permitir ver aos mortos.
- Deuses •
- SOBEK – o deus com cabeça de crocodilo. Controlava os fornecimentos de água. •
- TOT – o deus da sabedoria com cabeça de íbis, que inventou a fala e a escrita. • SET – o deus do deserto e das tempestades. Inimigo de Osíris. •
- RÁ – o deus do Sol. Havia quem dissesse que ele tinha feito as pessoas. Os egípcios chamavam a si próprios “o rebanho de Rá”. •
- HÓRUS – o deus com cabeça de falcão que olhava pelo faraó. •
- SEKHMET – a deusa leoa da guerra. •
- ATOR – a deusa do amor com cornos de vaca. Também era responsável pela felicidade, dança e música. •
- PTAH – o deus que dava nome a todas as coisas no mundo. Ao fazer isto, fazia que existissem. •
- ÍSIS – mulher de Osíris. Protegia, sobretudo, as mulheres e as crianças. •
- BES – o deus anão da felicidade e protetor da família. •
- ANÚBIS – o deus dos mortos, com cabeça de chacal. Ajudava a preparar as múmias. •
- OSÍRIS – o deus da morte e do renascimento, do Inferno e da Terra. Há muito tempo, ensinara as pessoas a cultivar.
Viver Como Um Egípcio
- Os egípcios viviam em casas construídas com tijolos de lama. Este tipo de casa podia durar centenas de anos – e ainda hoje é posto em prática as antigas técnicas construtivas.
- Comiam um pão tão duro que lhes fazia cair os dentes!
- Havia padarias no Egito em 2000 a.C. A sua dieta incluía pepino, aipo, alface, cebola, alho, alho-porro e agriões...Contudo a maior parte das pessoas tinha de viver apenas com pão e cebolas. As suas frutas eram melões, figos, romãs e tâmaras. Mais tarde, começaram a cultivar cerejas, maçãs e peras. As ovelhas, cabras, vacas e gansos davam-lhes a carne, mas os porcos eram considerados imundos. • Bebiam um tipo de cerveja feito de cevada. O líquido tinha de ser coado antes de ser bebido, e provavelmente parecia-se mais com sopa! • Fizeram os primeiros doces do mundo em 1600 a.C. • Treinavam babuínos etíopes para apanharem as tâmaras das árvores. • Os egípcios ricos usavam perucas nas ocasiões importantes. No cimo da peruca, podiam usar um cone branco de cera misturada com perfume. Com o passar do tempo, a cera derretia e escorria pela peruca, e o perfume era libertado. • A medicina egípcia era uma mistura de senso comum e de magia. Uma cura para a cegueira implicava esmagar o olho de um porco juntamente com mel e ocre vermelho e deitar essa mistura no ouvido do doente!
- Uma boa moça egípcia deveria:
Ficar em casa e obedecer aos pais até ter 12 anos e idade para casar;
Casar com alguém aprovado pelos pais;
Obedecer ao marido;
Partilhar o marido com várias outras mulheres;
Dar ao marido muitos filhos, em média seis ou sete.
Curiosidades :
- As moças com pais mais ricos deixavam a casa e iam para a escola aprender a ler ou a escrever.
- As moças casavam-se frequentemente por amor, em vez de deixarem que os seus pais escolhessem o marido. Era vulgar casar com alguém da família, como um tio ou um primo.
- Heródoto escreveu que as mulheres egípcias não eram tão obedientes como ele achava que deviam ser. Queixou-se de que eram demasiado independentes!
- As moças tinham muitas vezes o primeiro filho aos 12 ou 13 anos.
- O parto era perigoso por causa do alto risco de infecção, sendo vulgar a mãe ou o bebé morrerem. As mulheres tinham de ter esperança de que a deusa do parto, Twaret, conseguisse manter os maus espíritos afastados. Esta deusa tomava a forma de um hipopótamo feroz e prenhe!
Maquiagem da Mulher Egípcia:
– Pinturas nos olhos. Com minério de chumbo – galena – faz-se rímel preto e usa-se para dar ao olho uma forma amendoada. As sobrancelhas devem ser depiladas com pinças de prata.
– Pinturas no rosto, que é alegrado com blush e batom feitos de óxido de ferro vermelho.
– Verniz de unhas, feito de hena, para lhes dar um tom vermelho. Também pode ser usada para colorir as palmas das mãos e as solas dos pés.
TRIVIA OF ANCIENT EGYPT
Work performed by: Beatriz Dias, Daisy Lopez, Angelo Carolina
mummies
• The Mummy " Mummy" is an Arabic word for " bitumen " - a kind of tar. •
At first , only the very rich could be embalmed . Later , it became a huge industry and even the poor resorted to art . •
The climate of Egypt is naturally good to preserve a body . •
The examination of the mummies revealed much about the bodies when they were alive . • In Victorian England, people gathered around to see desenfaixar a mummy !
• When King Louis XIV of France died in 1715 , his heart was mummified . A Dean of Westminster , in the nineteenth century , became possessor of the embalmed heart and ate it for dinner .
How To Make A Mummy:
According to Herodotus ( he visited Egypt in 455 AD) • The body was lying on a table with wooden bars . • the brain was removed . • It filled up the empty skull with a prepared natron and mortar . • Mow up the front . " Withdrew the entire contents of the stomach , which then cleaned by washing it with palm wine . After that , filled the hole with myrrh and other spices . Coseriam opening . The body was then placed in natron for 70 days . Was washed and bound head to toe in bandages impregnated resin fine linen . " • It filled up the body with pieces of linen to keep fit , and then sewed it again. Only the heart was within the body. • It was made a mask to the head . • Put up the mummy in a coffin . • They placed the stomach , liver, intestines and lungs inside canopic jars . Was added after natron and saddled up the canopic jars . • were performed at the important ceremony of opening the mouth of the mummy . • He closed the lid of the coffin and laid him in a tomb or a sealed pyramid. • sang up a funeral song for the dead. • It made a funeral feast , with the best wines and food , artists and musicians .
Destination Of The Mummy - The dead would have to go after a dangerous place known as the Duat . - The dangers were enormous : effervescent lakes and rivers of fire . A cobra spitting venom was particularly terrible . - The monsters could be defeated with the right magic words , usually written on papyrus and left in or near the casket ( Book of the Dead ) . - If they could beat the monsters , then arrive at the gates of Yaru ( the afterlife ) and find their friends again .
But first they had to pass the biggest test of all. - The heart of the deceased was weighed and placed in a weighing plate and in the other the feather of truth , which contained all the lies of his past life . - The three great gods - Osiris , Anubis and Thoth - decided the weighing result . - If the heart has passed the test , so the dead could pass through the gates of Yaru . But if it failed , it was eaten by a monster known as the " Devourer " . This was in part crocodile , hippo and part lion. - Once the Devourer take account of the heart - it was lost forever !
Uses Mummy • Like magic powder - King Charles II of England (1630-1685) used to collect dust and dust falling from the collections of mummies and rubbed it all over her skin . Believed that the " former greatness " of the mummies would for him . • As fuel - so many mummies were found in the 1800s that became worthless . Some were used as fuel for steam trains when wood and coal was scarce , or to feed the stoves of poor people . • How ornaments - a glass box with the hand or foot of a mummy became a very popular ornament in Victorian shelves . • In the painting - the artists of the sixteenth century believed that adding powdered mummy to his painting would prevent pops when dry .
As a remedy - since the beginning of the thirteenth century CE to the seventeenth century , the Egyptian mummies were cut into pieces and given to sick people as medicine . There were so many mummies to leave Egypt in the late sixteenth century, the Egyptian Government had to ban their export . Vendors of Egyptian mummies then began making false mummies from any body they could find ! • In science - to test pieces of mummies , the English scientist Sir Marc Armand Ruffer discovered that the Egyptians suffered from many of the diseases that affect us today. • In making paper - the paper maker Augustus Stanwood American mummies still mattered in the late nineteenth century to transform the bandages on paper . Those that were not stained served to paper to write, but they were good for brown paper sold to butchers and grocers as wrapping paper. A cholera outbreak was associated with the bandages of mummies , and the scheme was suspended .
Egyptian Social Pyramid
Vizier - second most powerful man . Pharaoh - the king , high priest and see if things went well in the country : The pharaoh was considered God , being responsible to collect taxes from the organization and command of the armies . Was responsible for the construction of irrigation systems . The pharaoh was also the supreme judge.
Imaku ( the Venerable ) - Nomarchs or friends - were local barons , noble families allied with the family of the pharaoh . Could control small districts . Exerted the best works : they were directly responsible for the most important example , general ambassador positions , kept in order oils , perfumes and clothes of the king . Organize armies if Egypt were attacked .
Scribes - Priests - employees of the temples instructed to keep written records .
Hemutiu ( artisans ) - skilled workers who worked goods for richer families : weavers , architects , painters , sculptors , merchants , jewelers , embalmers , metallurgical , etc. .
Peasants and slaves - the remaining 90 % .
the Gods
LEGEND OF THE GODS • Osiris was an amazing , popular king and loved by his loyal wife, Isis . • Only the brother of Osiris , Set, hated him jealous . Therefore , decided to murder his brother Set . • So , cut the body of Osiris into 14 pieces , that were not found . Spread them along the banks of the Nile and let the crocodiles ran out the work . • However , Isis traveled to find the parts of the body of her husband and joined them carefully . Then wrapped the body of Osiris in linen bandages to hold it together . Legend of the first mummy from Egypt . • Isis then called the god Anubis to Osiris back to life . This could not return to earth as a man ; instead, went to the other world as " god of the dead ." • Anubis became the god who preserves the body in the afterlife , and the goddess Isis to protect the dead . • Horus , son of Osiris and Isis , fought a tough battle with Set, who managed to put out the eye of Horus. In the end, wins Horus and Set is sentenced to spend the rest of time in the underworld of the evil dead . • Horus became the protector of the living ... While the eye which had been torn off became a way to allow to see the dead .
• gods
SOBEK - the crocodile -headed god . Controlled the supply of water . •
TOT - the god of wisdom ibis-headed , who invented speech and writing . • SET - the god of the desert and storms . Enemy of Osiris . •
RA - the god of the sun Some said that he had made people . The Egyptians called themselves " the flock of Ra " . •
Horus - the falcon -headed god who looked at Pharaoh . •
SEKHMET - the lioness goddess of war . •
ACTOR - the goddess of love horned cow . Was also responsible for happiness, dance and music. •
PTAH - God gave that name to all things in the world . By doing this, they did exist. •
Isis - wife of Osiris . Protected , especially women and children . •
BES - the dwarven god of happiness and family shield . •
ANUBIS - the god of the dead , jackal-headed . Helped prepare the mummies . •
Osiris - the god of death and rebirth , of Hell and Earth . Long ago, taught people to cultivate.
Living Like An Egyptian
The Egyptians lived in houses built with mud bricks . This type of house could last for hundreds of years - and is still put into practice the ancient building techniques .
Ate as hard bread that made them teethe !
There were bakeries in Egypt in 2000 BC Their diets include cucumber, celery, lettuce, onions, garlic , leeks and watercress ... However most people had to live only on bread and onions. Its fruits were melons, figs, pomegranates and dates. Later , they began to grow cherries, apples and pears . Sheep, goats , cows and geese gave them flesh , but pigs were considered unclean . • They drank a type of beer made from barley. The net had to be strained before being drunk, and probably looked more like soup! • They made the first candy in the world in 1600 BC • Ethiopian baboons trained to grab the dates of the trees . • Rich Egyptians wore wigs on important occasions . At the top of the wig could use a white cone of wax mixed with perfume. Over time, the wax melted and flowed down the wig, and the perfume was released. • The Egyptian medicine was a mixture of common sense and magic. A cure for blindness meant crush the eye of a pig with honey and red ocher and pour this mixture into the ear of the patient !
A good Egyptian girl should :
Stay at home and obey their parents to be 12 years old and age to marry ;
Marry someone approved by parents ;
Obey her husband ;
Share husband with several other women ;
Give her husband many children on average six or seven .
Curiosities :
The girls with rich parents left the house and went to school to learn to read or write .
The girls often married for love instead of letting their parents choose her husband . It was common to marry someone of the family, like an uncle or a cousin .
Herodotus wrote that Egyptian women were not as obedient as he thought they should be. Complained that they were too independent !
The girls often had their first child at 12 or 13.
Childbirth was dangerous because of the high risk of infection , being ordinary mother or baby die . Women had to hope that the goddess of childbirth , Twaret , could keep the evil spirits away . This goddess took the form of a fierce and pregnant hippo !
Makeup Egyptian Women:
- Paintings eyes . With lead ore - galena - take and use black mascara to give one almond shape to the eye . Eyebrows should be wool with silver tongs .
- Paintings on the face , which is enlivened with blush and lipstick made from red iron oxide.
- Nail varnish , made from henna to give them a red tone . It can also be used to color the palms of hands and soles of the feet .
Work performed by: Beatriz Dias, Daisy Lopez, Angelo Carolina
mummies
• The Mummy " Mummy" is an Arabic word for " bitumen " - a kind of tar. •
At first , only the very rich could be embalmed . Later , it became a huge industry and even the poor resorted to art . •
The climate of Egypt is naturally good to preserve a body . •
The examination of the mummies revealed much about the bodies when they were alive . • In Victorian England, people gathered around to see desenfaixar a mummy !
• When King Louis XIV of France died in 1715 , his heart was mummified . A Dean of Westminster , in the nineteenth century , became possessor of the embalmed heart and ate it for dinner .
How To Make A Mummy:
According to Herodotus ( he visited Egypt in 455 AD) • The body was lying on a table with wooden bars . • the brain was removed . • It filled up the empty skull with a prepared natron and mortar . • Mow up the front . " Withdrew the entire contents of the stomach , which then cleaned by washing it with palm wine . After that , filled the hole with myrrh and other spices . Coseriam opening . The body was then placed in natron for 70 days . Was washed and bound head to toe in bandages impregnated resin fine linen . " • It filled up the body with pieces of linen to keep fit , and then sewed it again. Only the heart was within the body. • It was made a mask to the head . • Put up the mummy in a coffin . • They placed the stomach , liver, intestines and lungs inside canopic jars . Was added after natron and saddled up the canopic jars . • were performed at the important ceremony of opening the mouth of the mummy . • He closed the lid of the coffin and laid him in a tomb or a sealed pyramid. • sang up a funeral song for the dead. • It made a funeral feast , with the best wines and food , artists and musicians .
Destination Of The Mummy - The dead would have to go after a dangerous place known as the Duat . - The dangers were enormous : effervescent lakes and rivers of fire . A cobra spitting venom was particularly terrible . - The monsters could be defeated with the right magic words , usually written on papyrus and left in or near the casket ( Book of the Dead ) . - If they could beat the monsters , then arrive at the gates of Yaru ( the afterlife ) and find their friends again .
But first they had to pass the biggest test of all. - The heart of the deceased was weighed and placed in a weighing plate and in the other the feather of truth , which contained all the lies of his past life . - The three great gods - Osiris , Anubis and Thoth - decided the weighing result . - If the heart has passed the test , so the dead could pass through the gates of Yaru . But if it failed , it was eaten by a monster known as the " Devourer " . This was in part crocodile , hippo and part lion. - Once the Devourer take account of the heart - it was lost forever !
Uses Mummy • Like magic powder - King Charles II of England (1630-1685) used to collect dust and dust falling from the collections of mummies and rubbed it all over her skin . Believed that the " former greatness " of the mummies would for him . • As fuel - so many mummies were found in the 1800s that became worthless . Some were used as fuel for steam trains when wood and coal was scarce , or to feed the stoves of poor people . • How ornaments - a glass box with the hand or foot of a mummy became a very popular ornament in Victorian shelves . • In the painting - the artists of the sixteenth century believed that adding powdered mummy to his painting would prevent pops when dry .
As a remedy - since the beginning of the thirteenth century CE to the seventeenth century , the Egyptian mummies were cut into pieces and given to sick people as medicine . There were so many mummies to leave Egypt in the late sixteenth century, the Egyptian Government had to ban their export . Vendors of Egyptian mummies then began making false mummies from any body they could find ! • In science - to test pieces of mummies , the English scientist Sir Marc Armand Ruffer discovered that the Egyptians suffered from many of the diseases that affect us today. • In making paper - the paper maker Augustus Stanwood American mummies still mattered in the late nineteenth century to transform the bandages on paper . Those that were not stained served to paper to write, but they were good for brown paper sold to butchers and grocers as wrapping paper. A cholera outbreak was associated with the bandages of mummies , and the scheme was suspended .
Egyptian Social Pyramid
Vizier - second most powerful man . Pharaoh - the king , high priest and see if things went well in the country : The pharaoh was considered God , being responsible to collect taxes from the organization and command of the armies . Was responsible for the construction of irrigation systems . The pharaoh was also the supreme judge.
Imaku ( the Venerable ) - Nomarchs or friends - were local barons , noble families allied with the family of the pharaoh . Could control small districts . Exerted the best works : they were directly responsible for the most important example , general ambassador positions , kept in order oils , perfumes and clothes of the king . Organize armies if Egypt were attacked .
Scribes - Priests - employees of the temples instructed to keep written records .
Hemutiu ( artisans ) - skilled workers who worked goods for richer families : weavers , architects , painters , sculptors , merchants , jewelers , embalmers , metallurgical , etc. .
Peasants and slaves - the remaining 90 % .
the Gods
LEGEND OF THE GODS • Osiris was an amazing , popular king and loved by his loyal wife, Isis . • Only the brother of Osiris , Set, hated him jealous . Therefore , decided to murder his brother Set . • So , cut the body of Osiris into 14 pieces , that were not found . Spread them along the banks of the Nile and let the crocodiles ran out the work . • However , Isis traveled to find the parts of the body of her husband and joined them carefully . Then wrapped the body of Osiris in linen bandages to hold it together . Legend of the first mummy from Egypt . • Isis then called the god Anubis to Osiris back to life . This could not return to earth as a man ; instead, went to the other world as " god of the dead ." • Anubis became the god who preserves the body in the afterlife , and the goddess Isis to protect the dead . • Horus , son of Osiris and Isis , fought a tough battle with Set, who managed to put out the eye of Horus. In the end, wins Horus and Set is sentenced to spend the rest of time in the underworld of the evil dead . • Horus became the protector of the living ... While the eye which had been torn off became a way to allow to see the dead .
• gods
SOBEK - the crocodile -headed god . Controlled the supply of water . •
TOT - the god of wisdom ibis-headed , who invented speech and writing . • SET - the god of the desert and storms . Enemy of Osiris . •
RA - the god of the sun Some said that he had made people . The Egyptians called themselves " the flock of Ra " . •
Horus - the falcon -headed god who looked at Pharaoh . •
SEKHMET - the lioness goddess of war . •
ACTOR - the goddess of love horned cow . Was also responsible for happiness, dance and music. •
PTAH - God gave that name to all things in the world . By doing this, they did exist. •
Isis - wife of Osiris . Protected , especially women and children . •
BES - the dwarven god of happiness and family shield . •
ANUBIS - the god of the dead , jackal-headed . Helped prepare the mummies . •
Osiris - the god of death and rebirth , of Hell and Earth . Long ago, taught people to cultivate.
Living Like An Egyptian
The Egyptians lived in houses built with mud bricks . This type of house could last for hundreds of years - and is still put into practice the ancient building techniques .
Ate as hard bread that made them teethe !
There were bakeries in Egypt in 2000 BC Their diets include cucumber, celery, lettuce, onions, garlic , leeks and watercress ... However most people had to live only on bread and onions. Its fruits were melons, figs, pomegranates and dates. Later , they began to grow cherries, apples and pears . Sheep, goats , cows and geese gave them flesh , but pigs were considered unclean . • They drank a type of beer made from barley. The net had to be strained before being drunk, and probably looked more like soup! • They made the first candy in the world in 1600 BC • Ethiopian baboons trained to grab the dates of the trees . • Rich Egyptians wore wigs on important occasions . At the top of the wig could use a white cone of wax mixed with perfume. Over time, the wax melted and flowed down the wig, and the perfume was released. • The Egyptian medicine was a mixture of common sense and magic. A cure for blindness meant crush the eye of a pig with honey and red ocher and pour this mixture into the ear of the patient !
A good Egyptian girl should :
Stay at home and obey their parents to be 12 years old and age to marry ;
Marry someone approved by parents ;
Obey her husband ;
Share husband with several other women ;
Give her husband many children on average six or seven .
Curiosities :
The girls with rich parents left the house and went to school to learn to read or write .
The girls often married for love instead of letting their parents choose her husband . It was common to marry someone of the family, like an uncle or a cousin .
Herodotus wrote that Egyptian women were not as obedient as he thought they should be. Complained that they were too independent !
The girls often had their first child at 12 or 13.
Childbirth was dangerous because of the high risk of infection , being ordinary mother or baby die . Women had to hope that the goddess of childbirth , Twaret , could keep the evil spirits away . This goddess took the form of a fierce and pregnant hippo !
Makeup Egyptian Women:
- Paintings eyes . With lead ore - galena - take and use black mascara to give one almond shape to the eye . Eyebrows should be wool with silver tongs .
- Paintings on the face , which is enlivened with blush and lipstick made from red iron oxide.
- Nail varnish , made from henna to give them a red tone . It can also be used to color the palms of hands and soles of the feet .
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